Direttore Scientifico
F. Miraglia

Direttore Responsabile
M. Farinet

Comitato di Redazione
G. Battagliarin
C. Calandra
G. Gambarini
M. Grigio
M. Guana
A. Imbasciati
S. Vegetti Finzi

Comitato di Consulenza Scientifica
E. Boncinelli
M. A. Bianco
G. Cosmacini
U. Nicolini
G. Pietropolli Charmet

RINGRAZIAMENTI
I nostri sentiti ringraziamenti vanno a DORIA MG che ha collaborato all’ideazione dello strumento, a Mansi G per il supporto tecnico nella realizzazione del regolo e infine alla AVENT LTD che ne ha reso possibile la divulgazione.

BIBLIOGRAFIA

1. Jensen DM, Ovesen P, Beck-Nielsen H, et al. Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in 481 obese glucose-tolerant women. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:2118-2122
2. Strauss RS, Dietz WH. Low maternal weight gain in the second and third trimester increases the risk for intrauterine growth retardation. Journal of nutrition 1999; 129:988-993.
3. Stotland NE, Cheng YW, Hopkins LM et al. Gestational weight gain and adverse neonatal outcome among term infants. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Sep; 108(3Pt1): 635-643
4. Althuizen E, Van Poppel MNM, Seidell JC et al. Design of the new life (style) study: a randomised controlled trial to optimise maternal weight development during pregnancy. BCM Public Health 2006; 6:168
5. Gunderson EP, Abrams B: Epidemiology of gestational weight gain and body weight changes after pregnancy. Epidemiol Rev 2000; 22:261-274
6. Institute of Medicine, Subcommittee on Nutritional Status and Weight Gain During Pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1990
7. Società Italiana di Nutrizione Umana.Società federate nella FeSin. Federazione delle Società Italiane di Nutrizione. Fabbisogno Energetico in Gravidanza. LARN, Revisione 1996
8. Moore KL. The fetal period . The developing human 3rd ed. WB Saunders Philadelphia, PA, 1982, p 93-110
9. Carmichael S, Abrams B. A critical review of the relationship between gestational weight gain and pre-term delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 89:865-873
10. Scheive LA, Cogswell ME, Scanlon KS et al. Prepregnancy body mass index and pregnancy weight gain: associations with preterm delivery. The NMIHS Collaborative Study Group. Obstet Gynecol . 2000 Aug; 96(2): 194-200
11. Yekta Z, Ayatollahi H, Porali R et al. The effect of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes in urban care settings in Urmia-Iran. BCM Pregnancy Childbirth 2006; 6:15
12. Stotland NE, Hopkins LM, Caughey AB. Gestational weight gain , macrosomia and risk of cesarean birth in nondiabetic nulliparas. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104(4):671-677
13. Seligmann LC, Duncan BB, Branchtein L et al. Obesity and gestational weight gain: caesarean delivery and labor complications. Rev Saude Publica. 2006 Jun; 40(3):457-465
14. Jevitt CM. Shoulder dystocia :etiology, common risk factors, and management. J Midwifery Womens Health.2005 Nov-Dec; 50 (6):485-497
15. Solomon GC, Willet WC, Carey VJ et al. A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1997; 1078-1083
16. Lauszus FF, Paludan J, Klebe JG. Birthweight in women with potential gestational diabetes mellitus-an effect of obesity rather than glucose intolerance? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999;78:520-525
17. Saldana TM, Siega-Riz AM, Adair LS,et al. The relationship between pregnancy weight gain and glucose tolerance status among black and white women in central North Carolina.. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul 3; [Epub ahead of print]
18. Kabiru W, Raynor BD. Obstetric outcomes associated with increase in BMI category during pregnancy. Am J Ostet Gynecol, 2004 Sep; 191(3):928-932
19. Bo S, Menato G, Signorile A et al. Obesity or diabetes: what is worse for the mother and the baby?. Diabetes Metab. 2003 Apr; 29(2 Pt 1):175-178
20. Keppel KG, Taffel SM. Pregnancy related-weight gain and retention :implications of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Am J Public Health 1993, 83:1100-1103
21. Linne Y, Rossner S. Interrelationships between weight development and weight retention in subsequent pregnancies. the SPAWN study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003, 82:318-325
22. Rossner S. Weight gain in pregnancy . Hum Reprod 1997;12 Suppl I: 110-115
23. Gunderson EP, Abrams B, Selvin S. The relative importance of gestational gain and maternal characteristics associated with the risk of becoming overweight after pregnancy. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 1660- 1668
24. Rooney BL, Schauberger CW. Excess pregnancy weight gain and long term obesity: one decade later. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 245-252
25. Ohlin A, Rossner S. Maternal body weight development after pregnancy. Int J Obes 1990; 14:159-173
26. Greene GW, Smicklas-Wright H, Scholl TO, et al. Postpartum weight change:how much of the weight gained in pregnancy will be lost after delivery? Obstet Gynecol 1998; 71:701-707
27. Hjartardottir S, Leifsson BG, Geirsson RT, et al. Recurrence of hypertensive disorder in second pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2006 Apr; 194(4):916-920
28. Hilson JA, Rasmussen KM, Kjolhede CL. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with earlier termination of breast- feeding among White women. J Nutr .2006 Jan; 136(1):140-146
29. Willwerth BM, Schaub B, Tantisira KG, et al. Prenatal, perinatal, and heritable influences on cord blood immune responses. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.2006 March; 96(3): 445-453
30. Shaw GM, Todoroff K, Carmichael SL, et al. Lowered weight gain during pregnancy and risk of neural tube defects among offspring. International Journal of Epidemiology 2001; 30:60-65
31. McLaughlin CC, Baptiste MS, Schymura MJ et al. Birth weight , maternal weight and childhood leukaemia. Br J Cancer.2006 Jun 5; 94(11): 1738-1744
32. Hilakivi-Clarke L, Luoto R, Huttunen T, et al. Pregnancy weight gain and premenopausal breast cancer risk. J Reprod Med. 2005 Nov; 50(11):811-816
33. De Assis S, Wang M, Goel S, et al. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in Sprague-Dawley and lean and obese Zucker rats. J Nutr.2006 Apr; 136(4):998-1004
34. Ochsenbein-Kolble N, Roos M, Gasser T, et al. Cross-sectional study of weight gain and increase in BMI throughout pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006 May 11 [Epub ahead of print]
35. Wells CS, Schwalberg R, Noonan G, et al. Factors influencing inadequate and excessive weight gain in pregnancy: Colorado, 2000-2002. Matern Child Health J.2006 Jan; 10(1):55-62
36. Albers LL, Greulich B, Peralta P. Body mass index, midwifery intrapartum care, and childbirth lacerations. J Midwifery Womens Health, 2006 Jul-Aug; 51(4) .249-253
37. Jensen DM, Damm P, Sorensen B, et al. Pregnancy outcome and prepregnancy body mass index in 2459glucose-tolerant Danish women. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2003; 189:239-244
38. Edwards LE, Hellerstedt WL, Alton IR et al. Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women: effects of gestational weight change. Obstet Gynecol.1996; 87:389-394
39. Abrams BF, Laros RK Jr. Prepregnancy weight, weight gain,and birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1986; 154:503-509
40. Ehrenberg HM, Huston-Presley L, Catalano PM. The influence of obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus on accretion and the distribution of adipose tissue in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2003; 189:944-948
41. Kulkarni B, Shatrugna V, Balakrishna N. Maternal lean body mass may be the major determinant of birth weight: a study from India. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov; 60(11):1341-4
42. Lof M, Olausson H, Bostrom K, et al. Changes in basal metabolic rate during pregnancy in relation to changes in body weight and composition, cardiac output, insulin-like growth factor I, and thyroid hormones and in relation to fetal growth. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar; 81(3):678-685
43. McNeill G. Energy intake expenditure. In Garrow J, James W, Ralph A, eds. Human nutrition and dietetics. 10th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000, p 25-36
44. Rebuffe-Scrive M, Enk L, Crona N, et al. Fat cell metabolism in different regions in women. Effect of menstrual cycle, pregnancy and lactation. J Clin Invest.1985;75:1973-1976
45. Campbell-Brown M, Hytten F. Nutrition. In : Chamberlain G, Broughton Pipkin F,  eds.Clinical Physiology in obstetrics. 3rd ed. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Science, 1998, p 165-191
46. Butte NF, Wong WW, Treuth MS, et al. Energy requirements during pregnancy based on total energy expenditure and energy deposition. Am J Clin Nutr.2004; 79:1078-1087
47. Prentice A, Goldberg G, Davies H, et al. Energy sparing adaptations in human pregnancy assessed by whole-body calorimetry. Br J Nutr.1989; 62:5-22
48. Poppitt SD, Prentice AM, Jequier E, et al. Evidence of energy sparing in Gambian women during pregnancy: a longitudinal study using whole-body calorimetry. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993; 57:353-364
49. Forsum E, Sadurskis A, Wager J. Resting metabolic rate and body composition of healthy Swedish women during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr.1988; 47:942-947
50. Prentice A, Spaaij C, Goldberg G, et al. Energy requirements of pregnant and  lactating women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996; 50:S82-111
51. Luke B, Hediger ML, Scholl TO. Point of diminishing returns: when does gestational weight gain cease benefiting birth weight and begin adding to maternal obesity? J Matern Fetal Med.1996; 5:168-173
52. Ellison GT, Holliday M. The use of maternal weight measurements during antenatal care. A national survey of midwifery practice throughout the United Kingdom. J Eval Clin Pract 1997 Nov; 3(4):303-317
53. Regolo di controllo per l’incremento ponderale  in gravidanza. Registrazione nº  MI 2006 O  000169, Società Italiana Brevetti – Milano.

*Dipartimento di Scienze Sanitarie Applicate - Sezione di Scienza dell’Alimentazione -
Università degli Studi di Pavia.
**MD Specialista in Scienza dell’Alimentazione Responsabile Ambulatorio Dietologia
Az.Ospedaliera IC, Milano.
***Relazioni Medico-Scientifiche AVENT LTD

« Torna all'inizio dell'articolo